Quesadillas: What "With Cheese" Means Changes by Region
The toasty smell of cooked corn dough, a half-moon shape that holds its filling, and the salt and stretch of melted cheese. Everything in this recipe serves those three things.
At Quesadillas Elenita, a street stall in the Roma Norte neighborhood of Mexico City, Mexico, a 2024 report by EL PAÍS México follows the work at the comal: masa is rolled into balls, flattened in a metal press and carried to the hot griddle, while customers call out what they want inside, whether flowers, cheese or red salsa. The piece describes one stall and its owner, who has kept it running through earthquakes and a changing neighborhood. It is a portrait of one place, not of every quesadilla in Mexico, but it shows how ordinary and how hands-on this food can be.
The recipe here makes one specific version: a dough of masa harina, salt and water, pressed into small rounds, filled with Oaxaca cheese (quesillo) while still raw, folded into a half-moon and cooked on a lightly oiled comal. It follows a recipe published by Goya Foods. It is not a matter of tucking cheese between two store-bought, already-cooked flour tortillas. The dough is raw when you fill it, and it cooks together with the cheese.
What a "quesadilla" is also depends on where you are. The Diccionario enciclopédico de la Gastronomía Mexicana from Larousse Cocina describes how the name covers different shapes and fillings across regions, with quesillo commonly used in central Mexico, and in Mexico City both comal-cooked and fried quesadillas filled with meats, mushrooms, flowers, beans and more. A 2014 El Informador feature contrasts the expectation in the Jalisco area, where a quesadilla is taken to contain cheese, with Mexico City and the State of Mexico, where the filling takes the lead and "with cheese" is often requested by name. Neither describes a rule that every cook in a region follows; they are regional accounts. With that range in mind, this article reproduces one of those versions at home: the cheese-filled, comal-cooked one.
Quesadilla, plural quesadillas. The cheese is queso Oaxaca, also called quesillo. A comal is the flat griddle used for cooking tortillas, and quesadillas belong to the broad family of Mexican snacks called antojitos.
Ingredients for 12 Quesadillas

The recipe makes 12 quesadillas, each pressed to a 4½-inch round, and takes about 30 minutes in total, 15 of them for preparation. How long it really takes at home depends on how many quesadillas fit in your pan at once. Amounts are in US units; masa harina and water are both measured by the cup, but that does not mean they weigh the same, so keep to the cup measures rather than converting.
Equipment
- Mixing bowl
- Tortilla press, or a flat-bottomed pan plus two sheets of food-safe plastic
- Clean cloth, dampened
- Comal, griddle or cast-iron skillet
A tortilla press is convenient but not required: you can also press the dough with the flat bottom of a pan.
Choosing Masa Harina and Cheese
Masa harina is made from corn that has been nixtamalized, and that is what lets it form a pliable dough. Cornmeal, polenta or plain ground corn will not behave the same way, so look for "masa harina" on the label.
Oaxaca cheese (quesillo) pulls apart into strands and melts with a soft stretch. Quesadilla cheese also works. If you cannot find either, low-moisture mozzarella is a practical stand-in that melts in a similar way, but its saltiness, stretch and flavor are not the same as quesillo's. Treat it as a convenient substitute, not an equivalent.
This recipe contains milk (cheese) and corn. Check the labels of your masa harina, pickled jalapeños and salsa individually for allergens and other ingredients.
Method: Fill the Dough While It Is Still Raw
The time of about 6 minutes on the comal is for each quesadilla or each panful, both sides together. It is not the time for all 12. Judge doneness by the color on both sides and by the cheese softening inside.
Troubleshooting
The source recipe does not give correction amounts, so the fixes below are practical suggestions. Adjust a little at a time, because large additions change the recipe itself.
| Problem | Likely cause | What to do |
|---|---|---|
| Dough cracks when pressed or folded | Dough may be too dry | Work in water a very little at a time, and keep the balls under a damp cloth |
| Dough sticks to hands or the press | Dough may be too wet | Knead in a very small amount of masa harina. Adding a lot changes the recipe |
| Round tears when folding | Pressed too thin | Press a little less so the edge can be lifted without splitting |
| Cheese leaks out | Too much filling, or filling near the edge | Use less cheese and keep the edges clear before sealing |
| Outside burns while the inside is still cool | Heat too high | Lower the heat and cook a little longer than about 6 minutes, judging by color and how soft the cheese is |
Keeping and Reheating
The source recipe gives no storage instructions. Quesadillas are best cooked for the number of people eating and eaten fresh. If you have leftovers, follow the labeling on your cheese and other products and your usual refrigeration practice. To reheat, warm them in a dry skillet to bring back the surface; the texture will not be quite the same as freshly cooked.
Variations
- Cheese only: Leave out the jalapeños and let the cheese carry the flavor. The jalapeños are optional in the source recipe.
- With pickled jalapeños: Add them for heat and vinegar tang, as the source suggests.
- With real quesillo: When you find Oaxaca cheese, pull it into strands to make the most of its stringy melt.
- With low-moisture mozzarella: Easier to find, though not part of the source recipe, and different in saltiness and flavor.
- Store-bought corn tortillas: A shortcut where you fill and griddle ready-made tortillas. It is a different process with a different texture from this fresh-masa version.
The Range of Quesadillas in Mexico
This article follows one cheese-filled, comal-cooked version. Larousse Cocina's dictionary records how much the dish varies: quesillo used in central Mexico, comal-cooked and fried quesadillas in Mexico City, and fillings ranging from meats to mushrooms, flowers and beans, along with other regional examples such as those of Oaxaca. Larousse also explains cheese as the main, original filling, while noting that many fillings exist today.
El Informador's 2014 feature describes the gap between expectations in Jalisco and in Mexico City and the State of Mexico, and also covers corn and wheat tortillas, fried and comal-cooked styles. The same article treats the origin of the name as still debated, so it is left open here rather than settled. Taken together, the sources show the "does a quesadilla have cheese?" question as a regional difference rather than a single correct answer.
The Elenita stall in Roma Norte shows the everyday side: masa shaped and pressed to order, a comal kept busy, customers choosing their fillings. The cheese-filled half-moons in this recipe are one point within that wide range.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does a quesadilla have to contain cheese?
No. It depends on region and on the stall or household. Larousse Cocina and El Informador both describe quesadillas filled with other things, and places where "with cheese" is something you ask for. This recipe is the cheese-filled version.
Can I make it with flour tortillas?
That is a possible, different style. This recipe is the corn-masa version, where raw dough is filled, folded and cooked.
What if I can't find Oaxaca cheese?
Low-moisture mozzarella is a practical substitute, but it is not in the source recipe, and its flavor, saltiness and stretch differ from quesillo's.
Do I need a tortilla press?
No. The source recipe shows pressing the dough with the flat bottom of a pan between sheets of plastic.
Can I make them ahead?
The source recipe gives no storage instructions. Follow the labeling of your ingredients and your usual refrigeration practice, and cook only as many as you will eat so they are served fresh.
Sources
- Goya Foods, "Quesadillas Auténticas Mexicanas." Ingredients, amounts, yield of 12 at 4½ inches, shaping the dough and filling it raw, cooking on a lightly oiled comal over medium heat for about 6 minutes turning once, the pan-bottom pressing method, and optional jalapeños and accompaniments. https://www.goya.com/es/recipes/authentic-mexican-quesadillas/
- Larousse Cocina, "Quesadilla," Diccionario enciclopédico de la Gastronomía Mexicana. Regional differences in shape, filling and the role of cheese; quesillo in central Mexico; comal-cooked and fried quesadillas and their range of fillings in Mexico City. https://laroussecocina.mx/palabra/quesadilla-2/
- El Informador, "Quesadillas: deliciosa tentación," 2014. Differing expectations about cheese between Jalisco and Mexico City / State of Mexico, corn and wheat tortillas, fried and comal-cooked styles, and the debate over the name's origin. https://www.informador.mx/Suplementos/Quesadillas-deliciosa-tentacion-20141109-0170.html
- EL PAÍS México, "Quesadillas Elenita, el puesto que ha sobrevivido a los terremotos y la gentrificación," 2024. A report on one stall in Roma Norte, Mexico City: masa, the comal, customers choosing fillings, and the owner's experience. https://elpais.com/mexico/2024-10-12/quesadillas-elenita-el-puesto-que-ha-sobrevivido-a-los-terremotos-y-la-gentrificacion.html














